11.01.2022
Climate characteristic of 2021
The average air temperature in 2021 was +7.3°C, which is 0.6°C higher than the climatic norm. The past year entered the 20 warmest years in the history of meteorological observations in Belarus, starting in 1881, taking the 18th place in the ranked series of observations.
Deviation of the average annual air temperature
from the climatic norm (+6.7°С) in Belarus
Throughout the year, except for February, April, May, September and December, above zero air temperature anomalies were observed.
Deviation of average monthly air temperature
from the climatic norm on average in Belarus for 2021
The average air temperature for the winter season 2020-21 was -3.8°C, which is 0.2°C higher than the climatic norm. For the period 1881-2021 such and lower air temperatures in winter occur on average once every three years, and were last noted in winter of 2012-13.
The temperature regime during the winter season was not uniform.
December of 2020 was warm with an average monthly air temperature in the republic of -0.8°C, which is 2.5°C higher than the climatic norm for the month. Since 1945, December with such and a higher average monthly air temperature has been observed on average once every 5 years, and over the past 20 years - once every 2-3 years.
In January 2021, the average monthly air temperature in Belarus was -4.1°C, which is 0.3°C higher than the climatic norm. Since 1945, January with such and a higher average monthly air temperature has been observed on average once every 3 years.
February of 2021 was cold; the average monthly air temperature in Belarus was -6.5°C, which is 2.2°C below the climatic norm. For the period 1945-2021 February with such and lower air temperatures has been observed on average once every three years, and was last observed in 2012.
On February 25 the air temperature reached the maximum value for this winter at Brest station (+15.0°С), the minimum – on February 19 at Bragin station (-29.4°С).
A stable transition of the average daily air temperature through 0°С towards a decrease (the beginning of climatic winter) in most of the country took place on November 28-30 – the first decade of December, 2-3 weeks later than usually, and in the extreme south-west – on January 10, more than a month later than usually.
The average air temperature in spring of 2021 averaged +6.6°C in the country, which is 0.3°C below the climatic norm.
The temperature regime throughout the season was heterogeneous: the average air temperature in March was above normal, in April and May – below normal.
The average air temperature in Belarus in March 2021 was +1.1°C, which is 0.9°C higher than the climatic norm.
A stable transition of the average daily air temperature through 0°С towards an increase (beginning of spring in climatology) was carried out two-three weeks earlier than usually (February 20-24) in the Brest region and most of the Grodno region, south and southeast of Gomel regions, by north and north-east of the country – on March 25, in terms close to usual. In the rest of the country the transition was carried out 2-7 days earlier than usually (March 12-14).
The beginning of the growing season (the transition of the average daily air temperature through 5°С towards a decrease) was marked on March 25-30 in the southern and western parts of the country, as well as in the northeast of the country, that is one to two weeks earlier than usual, and in the rest of the country – on April 10, in terms close to usual.
In April the national average air temperature was 6.5°C, which is 0.8°C lower than the climatic norm. Such and colder April is observed on average throughout the country once every 2-3 years, and the last time was in 2017.
On April 29-30 a stable transition of the average daily air temperature through 8 ° C (the end of the heating period) took place over most of the country's territory, and in the north and north-west – on May 5-10.
In May the national average air temperature was 12.3°C, which is 1.1°C lower than the climatic norm. Such and colder May is observed on average throughout the country once every 2-4 years, and the last time was in 2020.
On May 10-27, in most of the territory, there was a transition of the average daily air temperature through +14°С, which is considered the beginning of summer in climatology. According to the data of the last day of spring, the transition did not take place in the north-western part.
The minimum value of the air temperature in the spring was recorded on March 6 at the Yezerishche station (-17.9°С).
The maximum value of the air temperature (+28.2°С) for the season was recorded at the Kostyukovichi station on May 17.
The average air temperature for the summer season of 2021 was +20.0°С, which is 2.6°С higher than the climatic norm. The summer of 2021 was ranked the 2nd in the 141-year ranked series of observations from warmest to coldest season, only the summer of 2010 is behind.
Over the past summer, there were from 36 to 66 hot days (with a temperature of +25°C and above) at a rate of 22-48 days and from 7 to 32 very hot days (with a temperature of +30°C and above) at a rate of 1-6 such days.
The summer temperature regime was not uniform. The first two months were very warm, August was close to normal.
The average air temperature in Belarus in June was +19.9°C, which is 3.5°C higher than the climatic norm. June of 2021 was the 3rd in a ranked series of observations from warmest to coldest since 1945.
In the third decade of June, an intense heat wave was noted, as a result of which daytime temperatures on some days in some places exceeded the 35-degree mark, reaching the criterion of a dangerous phenomenon. In addition, the absolute maximum air temperature for June was updated in most of the territory of Belarus, with the exception of individual observation points, mainly in the west. The previous values of the absolute maximum air temperature were recorded mainly over the past twenty years, but at some observation points the temperature records of June, which had been held for more than a hundred years, were exceeded. Thus, the June records of the maximum air temperature recorded in 1901 were updated at the Borisov and Vasilevichi stations, and at the Pinsk station the record noted in June 1885 was exceeded.
In July the average air temperature in Belarus was +22.5°C, which is 4.1°C higher than the climatic norm. July of 2021 was the 2nd in a ranked series of observations from warmest to coldest since 1881. The first place belongs to July of 2010. In the first and second decades of July, there was a period with abnormally hot weather (heat wave), during which the daily air temperature was mainly within +30 +34°С, and on some days in some places exceeded the 35-degree mark, reaching the criterion of a dangerous phenomenon.
In August the national average air temperature was +17.5°C, which is 0.2°C higher than the climatic norm.
The maximum air temperature in the summer season (+37.1°С) was recorded on June 23 at the Oktyabr station, the minimum (+1.0°С) – on June 1 at the Minsk station and on August 25 at the Yezerishche station.
In the third decade of August - the first or second decades of September, a stable transition of the average daily air temperature through 14°С towards a decrease (the end of the climatic summer) took place.
The average air temperature in Belarus for the autumn season of 2021 was +7.1°C, which is 0.5°C higher than the climatic norm.
The air temperature during the autumn season was not uniform.
The average air temperature in Belarus for the first autumn month of 2021 was +10.8°C, which is 1.3°C below the climatic norm. Such and lower air temperature per month is noted on average once every 4-5 years, and the last time was in 2000.
On September 14-20 the active growing season (a stable transition of the average daily air temperature through 10°C towards a decrease) ended 1-2 weeks earlier than usually, and in the extreme southeast on October 7 at a time close to the usual.
The average air temperature in Belarus in October 2021 was +7.3°C, which is 0.6°C higher than the climatic norm.
On October 7-14 a steady transition of the average daily air temperature through 8°С towards a decrease took place (the beginning of the heating period) in the southern half of the country, with the exception of the extreme western and south-western regions of the country.
The average air temperature in Belarus for the last autumn month of 2021 was +3.3°C, which is 2.4°C higher than the climatic norm. November of 2021 was the 5th in the series of observations from highest to lowest since 1945.
In the first week of November a steady transition of the average daily air temperature through 8°C towards a decrease (the beginning of the heating period) took place in the extreme west and southwest (Grodno and Brest).
On November 7-9 the end of the growing season was marked 2-3 weeks later than usual in most of the country, with the exception of Grodno and Brest stations (on November 22).
The maximum air temperature for the autumn season was recorded at Gantsevichi station on September 11 and amounted to +26.6°С. The minimum temperature value (-12.6°С) for the autumn season was noted at Bobruisk station on November 23.
The year ended in December with an average air temperature close to the norm: the average air temperature in Belarus was -3.5°C, which is 0.2°C below the climatic norm. December of 2021 was characterized by the fact that the average air temperature for this month was below normal for the first time since 2012.
In the third decade of November - the first decade of December, a stable transition of the average daily air temperature through 0°C towards a decrease took place (the beginning of climatic winter), that is 1-3 weeks later than usually.
In 2021, there was 714 mm of precipitation over the country, or 111% of the norm.
Deviation of annual precipitation from climatic norm
(646 mm) on the territory of Belarus
The amount of precipitation exceeded the norm in 6 out of 12 months of the year. The largest amount of precipitation was recorded in August - 120.7 mm, or 180% of the climatic norm per month. The driest month was October, during which an average of 14.5 mm of precipitation fell in Belarus, which was 29% of the climatic norm.
In all seasons of the year, there was a seasonal rainfall or more. The wettest season was winter 2020/21, during which 146.8 mm of precipitation or 122% of the norm fell. The least is autumn - 157.6 mm or 101%.
The amount of precipitation and the climatic norm by months of 2021
on the territory of Belarus
Throughout the year, wind intensification in gusts of up to 15 m/s and more was noted throughout the country, and in some places the wind speed reached the criterion of a dangerous phenomenon. Thus, on June 25, at the Surazh and Ulla HP, the wind speed on the Beaufort scale exceeded 33 m/s. During the year, the following types of dangerous phenomena were observed: very strong wind, very heavy rain and downpour, large hail, very strong heat, frosts, atmospheric and soil droughts.
